Transgender Students and the Learning Process Essay -- Essays Papers

Transgender Students and the Learning Process Introduction Identity is a key factor of an individual in the society. Identity often is skewed despite the rhetorical statement: â€Å"You are who you are.† However, many times a society unconsciously attempts to mold the identities of individuals into homogenous products. The important thing is not to let yourself prejudge individuals or acts of people because this creates an assumption that brings a stigma against the individual. Transgender people face the difficult challenge of being accepted into society because they either do not fit a traditional gender assignment to their sex, or they are not willing to specify a particular gender recognized by society. The court case that I will use to explore transgender identity is Doe v. Yunits. The case of Pat Doe v. John Yunits involves a young, transgender student disciplined by school authorities. The school deems to be an authority on a person’s dress attire while attending school. The court goes through a series of deductio ns testing the freedom of expression, liberty in appearance, and the application of sex-class discrimination. While the ruling of the case brings awareness of the existence of transgendered people, it is stigmatized by a dominant culture whose basis of the legal system protects proscribed gender identities rather than the protection of freedom of choosing multiple identities. Additionally, the court deemed that Pat Doe has a medical condition that requires her to wear women’s garments. The medical condition called Gender Identity Disorder speaks volumes about how society treats unrecognized differences when it comes to diagnosing a gender expression. The information of the court case allows you to get em... ...aggy jeans and a white-beater is day he fails to uphold her true gender identity. Judith Butler in Stein’s article best describes this as â€Å"[D]rawing upon the queer practices of drag, cross-dressing, and butch-femme, she [Butler] develops a conception of gender as performance, and of gender parodies as subversive acts†(Stein 181). My question that comes out of queer analysis and the Doe v. Yunits, Why do people need to perform a gender act? Is it to assert a type of sexuality, sexual orientation, and or rather stereotyped one? Is a transgender person better to perform a gender act that is understood? If the transgender person performs an act contrary to gender they choose, is the person a hypocrite? Is my gender controlling me or I am taking charge of my gender? I hope have attempted to rock your thoughts and perceptions, and perhaps even fuck with your gender.

Legal Awareness Is the Need of Hour Essay

Our country is a democratic country as well as a welfare state. â€Å"Rule of Law† is the edifice on which the democratic structure has been built on. â€Å"Rule of Law† means everybody is equal in the eyes of law. In spite of this solemn principle, every day we hear news about instances of atrocities committed against women and children, excesses by law enforcing agencies, harassment of citizens by officials, cheating by seller of goods, exploitation of the weak, stories of discriminations and deprivation in the society besides heinous crimes like rape, murder, looting, etc. In most of the cases the victims accept these suffering silently by ascribing them to fate or are afraid to protest on the grounds of further reprisals. The fact is that many times people are not aware of the law and the rights such laws confer for their protection. The Directive Principles of the constitution lays down the guidelines for the welfare of the socially and economically neglected section of the society. A number of laws have been enacted to contribute to the welfare of the socially and economically downtrodden population of the society. However, the benefits of these provisions are not reaped by them due to lack of awareness about the same. Every country has prescribed Rights and Duties for its Citizen. The Citizens need to be aware about their Rights, the related legal provisions and processes. Coupled with this knowledge, they are also required to know how to realize their rights and entitlements. On the reverse side, there are certain duties and prohibitions which are cast upon people and that need to be observed so that they do not transcend the barriers and get into trouble for the same. The lack of legal awareness is not, unfortunately, confined to illiterates. Even educated person are often not aware about their Rights and Duties. A country can progress only when all its citizens are well aware of their Rights and know to exercise their Rights. This empowers citizens to demand justice and seek remedies for wrong done to them. Such a position would bring greater harmony, accountability and transparency at all levels which is sine-qua-non for progress and development. The examples of Europe and USA are noteworthy in this respect. They present a picture of a more just society than many of the developing countries in the world. The Constitution of India has outlined the Fundamental Rights of Citizens under Part III of our Constitution. Similarly, the Duties of the Citizen have been enshrined therein. Any violation/deprivation of the same can be enforced through High Court/Supreme Court under Art 32 and Art 226 of the Constitution. Natural justice provides that no person can be coerced into giving evidence against him. It is in this background Supreme Court of India has ruled that ‘Narco Analysis’, ‘Brain Mapping’, ‘Polygraph Testing’ tantamount of self incrimination and violation of Section 20(3), in the case of Smt. Selvi and others v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2010 Educated and uneducated citizen are often not aware about the process relating to arrest by police. Before arresting somebody, police has to show the warrant, if the offence is bail able or not. Any person arrested has to produce before a magistrate within 24 hours. Before conducting a search in somebody’s house search warrant has to be given. In case relating to seizure of Passport of Maneka Gandhi, the court observed that such station Action cannot be arbitrary and the reasons of seizure need to be given to the concerned person. A host of laws have been enacted for the welfare and exercise of positive discrimination in favor of the neglected section of the society. For example-: Hindu Marriage Act, Untouchablity Act, Dowry Act, Engagement of Child Labor, Child Marriage Act, Domestic Violence Act, Consumer Protection Act. For expeditious disposal of the grievances of citizen’s, legal institutions like Lok Adalats, Family Courts, Mahila Courts, Consumer Courts, Ombudsman, District Legal Service Authority, etc have been created. These institutions have been established on the basis of dictum â€Å"Justice delayed is Justice denied† For the progress of the country where everybody lives in harmony with others, ensuring a just society there is an urgent need for spreading legal awareness amongst people. The idea behind spread of legal information is that people are empowered before the need to seek Legal Aid arises and if the need for legal aid does arise then at least the people armed with newly acquired legal information can use the information in the best possible way. In order to promote the legal awareness following step should be taken-: †¢Increase in the literacy rate in the country. In our own country also because of high literacy rates people from Kerala are more conscious about their legal rights than other states. †¢Societies like ‘SEWA’, ‘MARG’, ‘ICARE’, ‘CRY’, etc have been doing a pioneering work in creating legal awareness among people. Such work needs to be encouraged. If other governmental an non-governmental organizations come up with such ideas then making people aware of their rights and duties and delivering justice would not be a difficult task. †¢Legal classes can be held in schools and colleges, with the aim of training the student also in turn can spread the same to their parents and friends. Particularly, women and girls can be enlightened on various legal protections and procedures to approach Police Station and courts for protection of their rights and obtain remedy for their problems. †¢Along with the legal acts, people need to be sensitized about various welfare schemes of the Government, functioning of the Legal Service Authority, the enacted provisions regarding free legal aid and services. Legal reforms which are long overdue in our country should be expedited. This would enable the judicial system to cut away lot of practices and procedures which delay the process of administration of justice. Most of the laws in our country owe their origin to colonial days and need to be reframed and simplified. The mind set for formulation of laws couched in legal jargons, clauses, sub-clauses not easily understood by the citizens has to change. Laws outlined in simpler terms can be easily comprehended by common people and would contribute towards enhancing legal awareness among citizens. Economically, India is having a sustained growth. The country is on the threshold of a developed country, an elevation from the status of a developing economy. In this scenario, the need for legal awareness amongst the citizen is very much necessary. With citizens conversant with their rights and duties, the presence of justice and fair play in the society, transparency, accountability would enabl e the country to make bigger strides in this economic development. Being a democracy is an advantage in this regard.

The Crime Rate On Los Angeles - 1590 Words

In David Knowles article on the crime rate on Los Angeles, â€Å"Crime rate in Los Angeles Falls for 10th straight year, making it the safest big city in America† highlights the statistics and improvements that Los Angeles has made to secure the gang nature and keep the city safe. He states, â€Å"Overall, violent crime fell by 8.3 percent, with the number of murders remaining low. Just 20 years ago there were 1,092 murders in Los Angeles. In 2012, the city recorded just 298† (Par 5). The statistics do show that less people are being killed, and the police are implementing gangs more. Knowles says that it is a â€Å"big achievement†. Not just murders have fallen, the gang activity in LA today has fallen drastically compared to how it was in the 80s and†¦show more content†¦This provides an explanation for why gangs are affecting the youth. They sell the product to the teens and women in bulk in a low price still making profit. Then the teens and the wome n sell the drugs in smaller quantities for higher prices to their friends ,people in the streets, classmates and make they make profit through that. The teens and women that are making money through selling those drugs can also be users of those drugs also. Which can lead them to a lifestyle of just selling drugs and being an addict. Gangs today are a lot smarter than they were in the 80s and 90s. In the article by Bryan Passifiume â€Å"Police work hard to keep ahead of today’s smarter savvier organized crime† highlights the works of Sgt. Jason Walker which is about increased intelligence of gangs and ways that they run their organized crimes. In the article Walker states â€Å"Gangsters and organizations, they’re getting smarter†. (Section 4). Which is made possible because of benefit of transporting drugs with the use of the internet. To traffic their drugs and to stay in touch with other gang members. WalkerShow MoreRelatedWhat Is A Feasibility Study Of Real Estate1746 Words   |  7 Pages Real Estate Feasibility Study: Drivers Affecting the Purchase of Apartments in the Los Angeles Area Name School  Real Estate Feasibility Study: Drivers Affecting the Purchase of Apartments in the Los Angeles Area Introduction According to Apgar (2009), â€Å"business real estate is not merely an operating necessity; it is a strategic resource.† For most organizations and prospective consumers, the practice is reactive. A sudden increase in housing demand where the supply is low pushes firms to raiseRead MoreNeighborhood Safety in Los Angeles Counties910 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Neighborhood Safety Los Angeles County The thickly populated county area of the Los Angeles is a point to study the problems of the metropolis. It is the third largest metropolitan area in the United States. 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By doing the aforementioned the white gang’s behaviors have contributed to the racial segregation of Chicago and the explosive gang related crime in the present day south side of Chicago. Just like African Americans formed gangs to protect themselves against Chicago s white gangs, the Latin Kings formed in Chicago with the same intent. In Chicago Mr. Sanchez a member of the Latin Kings gangRead MoreThe High Incarceration Rate Of Juveniles1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe high incarceration rate of juveniles is a significant social problem that affects society as a whole as well as the youth’s individual welfare and developmental trajectory. Adolescents who are incarcerated in the juvenile justice system face a multitude of negative lifelong implications. The history of incarcerating youth in residential facilities such as juvenile halls, camps, ranches or group homes as a consequence for committing crimes has a deep-rooted history in the United States. â€Å"For moreRead MoreFBI Uniform Crime Report1064 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Uniform Crime Reporting Gabriel Padua CJA/314 January 20, 2015 Paulina Solis Uniform Crime Report Ever wonder how crimes are measured? What is FBI Uniform Crime Report data? How these Crime Statistics are produce? And how is burglary define? FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Data The Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program is one of the two ways crime rates are measured in the United States. The Uniform Crime Reports (n.d.) website, UCR is the starting place for law enforcement executives, criminalRead MoreLos Angles And Angeles Angles1586 Words   |  7 PagesLos angles is one of the biggest city in the united sates by being one of the biggest city Police Community Relations problems and crime will arise Los angles is no strange to it way it how police handle there procudces in and out for the commity such as rondely king beating that lead to the los angles riots effect police community realts in los angles for some time crime is a major problem in los angles due to the high poplication and also due to the diffent of ethiucthy that los angles brings for

Aspergers Syndrome Essay - 2777 Words

Asperger’s Syndrome In today’s society, Asperger’s Syndrome is being talked about, and seen, more than ever, from television shows, such as Parenthood, to magazine articles, and of course in the inclusive classroom. Throughout this paper we will be looking at where Asperger’s Syndrome originated, some of the characteristics and causes, as well as ways in which teachers and parents can better deal with a child that has Asperger’s Syndrome. Asperger’s Syndrome is found under Autistic Spectrum Disorders which has certain determined types of developmental delays such as social interaction, communication, and stereotypic behavior. Under ASD you will also find disorders such as Rett’s Disorder, Childhood Disintegration Disorder, and†¦show more content†¦The difference for Asperger’s parents is that they tend not the expert on their child, making the child the expert on themselves in order to â€Å"reach some semblance of attunement with him and to maintain equilibrium†(Gould, K., Fantasy Play as the Conduit for Change in the Treatment of a Six-Year-Old Boy With Asperger’s Syndrome). In an article by Katherine Gould, she believes that children with Asperger’s have the desire to attach, but are unable to because their mothers were unable to relieve distress and restore a desired affective state through soothing, so the child is motivated to soothe their self. Not being able to soothe your child can lead to attachment problems for both parent and child. Children who are unable to attach, end up being unregulated, impulse ridden, angry, and powerless, making it virtually impossible to function correctly in the social world. Another problem parents face with Asperger’s is misdiagnoses. â€Å" With easier access to information assisted by the Internet, not infrequently a parent will simply inform the clinician that their child fits all essential criteria of the disorder, and that they are just seeking an official validation of the diagnosis† (Stiefel, I., Shields, A. K., Swain, M. A., amp; Innes, W. R., Asperger’s Coming Out of Our Ears: Making Sense of a Modern Epidemic). BeingShow MoreRelatedAsperger Syndrome: Implications and Intervention1375 Words   |  5 PagesAsperger Syndrome: Implications and Interventions Asperger Syndrome (AS) is a condition characterized by developmental delays most notable in social contexts. AS is most commonly identified by obsessive and repetitive behaviors and unawareness of nonverbal communication. Both Asperger syndrome and autism are forms of pervasive developmental disorders (PDD). It is important to note the distinctions between the two PDD’s. We do not see impairment of adaptive skills, cognitive development, or languageRead MoreEssay on Asperger?s Syndrome1037 Words   |  5 Pages Asperger’s Syndrome Today there are many different types of disabilities and syndromes. When you have a child to be diagnosed with a disability or a syndrome life can suddenly become overwhelming. This is especially true if they have been diagnosed with Asperger’s Syndrome. Parents sometimes feel guilty because their child has a disability or syndrome. Parents may feel that they are responsible for their child’s disability or syndrome. Parents may feel guilty about their child being diagnosed withRead MoreAsperger s Syndrome Of Children2968 Words   |  12 Pages Asperger’s Syndrome in Children Submitted in fulfillment of the extra credit requirement For PSYC 4176: Advanced Child Psychology Louisiana State University By Emily France April 2, 2015 Abstract Asperger’s Syndrome is a pervasive developmental disorder that often presents itself in children during the elementary years. It is characterized by deficits in social interactions, normal developing language, fixation with specific objects, and average or above average intellectual functioningRead MoreEssay on What is Asperger Syndrome?2762 Words   |  12 Pagesunfamiliar with disorders associated with autism. Some people do not even know what autism actually is. Asperger’s Syndrome is one perplexing disorder, of countless, that needs to be acknowledged. Although it is one of the more well-known disorders, an understanding of Asperger’s is far from common knowledge. 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While they share similar characteristics andRead MoreSocial And Communication Disorder : Asperger Syndrome Essay2450 Words   |  10 Pagescommunication disorder is Asperger syndrome, this is characterised by the following; the individual may have difficulties in social interactions, a restricted range of interests, repetitive behaviours and also they may have a delay in motor development. This may be shown in the individual s clumsiness or uncoordinated movements, however, those with Asperger s syndrome don’t have significant delays in both language and cognitive development. There are a number of different symptoms of Asperger s yet it is unlikelyRead MoreAsperger s Syndrome : Symptoms And Diagnosis1510 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand about Asperger’s. In this report I hope to outline what I have discovered and answer questions such as: What is Asperger’s Syndrome? Who is affected by Asperger’s Syndrome? How are their lives changed? As well as other questions. What is Asperger’s Syndrome? Asperger’s Syndrome was first defined in 1944 by an Austrian Pediatrician named Hans Asperger. He referred to it as Autistic Psychopathy and described the children’s as having normal intelligence but lacking in social and behavioralRead MoreAspergers: Defining the Syndrome829 Words   |  3 Pages Aspergers: Defining the Syndrome What makes you different? Is it your clothes, your personality or your hobbies? Do these things set you apart from everybody else or do they help you fit in? Would you change these things if you could. What if you couldnt change it because it was part of your DNA? Its something you can never change and it will be with you the rest of your life. One of these things is Aspergers. The symptoms, causes,diagnosis and their daily lives set them apart from everybody

Nostra Aetate represents the historical period it was...

Nostra Aetate represents the historical period it was written in because the document would effectively bind the wounds of centuries of Christian Anti-Semitism and reexamine the churches relationship with the Jewish people (Traditions, p. 436). With the catastrophic genocide of Jews in the Holocaust, followed by the birth of the first Jewish state of Israel, the church would have to reassess its relationship with Judaism. The document connects Christianity to its Jewish roots and indicates that the two faiths share a common origin through Abraham. The declaration also uses Paul’s letters to the Romans as a New Testament source, where Paul gives reverence to the Jewish faith. The document further clarifies that the early history of the†¦show more content†¦By identifying the special bond between Christians and Jews through the Hebrew Scriptures, the church is trying to bind the wounds of anti-Semitism that had existed in the church for centuries. Nostra Aetate would al so use the Apostle Paul’s letters to the Romans as a New Testament passage where he gives reverence to Judaism. Paul praises â€Å"the people of Israel. Theirs is the adoption to sonship; theirs the divine glory, the covenants, the receiving of the law, the temple worship and the promises. Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them is traced the human ancestry of the Messiah, who is God over all, forever praised† (Romans 9:4-5). â€Å"The Jews viewed God’s choosing of Israel in the Old Testament as being like an adoption† (Life Application Study Bible, p. 2044). â€Å"They were undeserving and yet God adopted them and granted them status of calling them children of God† (Life Application Study Bible, p. 2044). These verses states that the covenant made between Israel and God has never been revoked even though some of them rejected the Jewish Messiah. This reinforces the churches idea that Jews should not be cursed and they are the people of God. Usin g this New Testament passage the church is repairing the wounds of centuries of Christian prejudice towards Jews. The document would further point out the Jewishness of the early members of the church. â€Å"She also recalls that

Positive and Negative Speeches free essay sample

Positive: I can remember a positive, successful speaker right off my mind. I can remember her famous speeches and they way she spoke so clear because she was a profound teacher in my high school that I always looked up to. The way she depict her actions, movements, gestures, content, and delivery was well thought out and was very clear. Not only was she a well-known teacher, she was in charge of honor society and because of being the leader she was in charge of representing our high school and with that had to make many speeches. Even when she was in just a small classroom or a big auditorium, her speeches were well-known. When she spoke her words were very clear and she never mumbled. She was calm and stayed at the right pace when she was talking. Her posture was very good and she was focused on the group as a whole. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive and Negative Speeches or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Her skill level was very high so many people paid attention to her for that reason and the reason that everything was very organized. In her class, she made cues to when we should write notes that she didn’t necessarily write on the board and made it very clear to what the most important facts were altogether. I remember one of her speeches at a veterans assemble and it will always stick with me. She was very good at making her point and demonstrating who veterans were and why we should support them. She wasn’t overly excited or too sad. She once again stayed focus and looked straight at the audience. She never once looked down at the podium to look at notes. She knew what she wanted to say and everyone, including the veterans was very grateful for her speech. She should be an example of someone who knew exactly how to speak to groups or just one person for that matter. She was definitely a positive speaker whose speeches were amazing. Negative: One speech that stood out the most of all the speeches that I’ve heard was very negative. This speech happened to be by the author of a book we had to read for IDS class. After reading the mostly everyone thought that this author would be very smart, calm and very attentive to everyone. She proved to me, and probably a lot of other people that some people just don’t have what it takes to have a positive speech. First of all, she almost seemed like she had no idea what she even wrote about. If she forgot details she should have at least gone through her book again before speaking in front of a whole freshman college class. Her skill level didn’t seem very high, so that made people not even want to pay attention. Why waste your time when obviously she didn’t sound like she knew what she was talking about? She didn’t even go over meanings or concepts of her book. She simply re-read passages in her book and didn’t really explain to why she picked those out. No meaning at all. Just her favorite. When some people asked questions that they were confused on she couldn’t even answer and I remember that she asked someone â€Å"didn’t you read my book? † She seemed sarcastic with some of the answers and she shouldn’t have been like that. She should have been sincere and thoughtful. She hardly looked at the audience either and just put her face in the book. She used a lot of repetition in her speech and one that was definitely bad was â€Å"um. † After saying it so much I remember people starting to giggle under their breath. There definitely was no organization what so ever to her speech and the whole thing seemed rather disappointing. I definitely wasn’t impressed and was surprised that this person that didn’t seem so smart could write such a good book. Her speech was definitely negative. Editorial on TV: â€Å"Big Food† The editorial starts out by simply stating the main idea of the editorial and getting straight down to the point. The editorial wants to inform us about how huge corporations are merging becoming more powerful and so on and only charging us more. The first part was only 2 sentences and it catches the reader’s attention when they go into it more in depth. Editorials are like persuasive papers that want to inform you on something huge or something that they feel like you need to be informed with. With the use of facts and description, the reader starts to realize that what the person is trying to say is actually true because professionals support what’s being told.

Strategic Management SingTel Sample Case Study

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for SingTel Case Study. Answer: Introduction The SingTel Group is one of the best communications groups in Asia that provides diverse communication solutions and services such as data, fixed, mobile, info, internet communications technology, pay TV, and satellite. The market capitalization confirms it is the largest company on the Singapore Exchange. Following the groups acquisition of Optus, it has become listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. Similarly, the company has become a long-term strategic investor in India, Thailand, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Philippines, and Indonesia, where the Group is the regional mobile operator (Hill Jones 2007). In serving the expectations of multinational corporations, the company has established a strong network throughout Asia Pacific, the US, and Europe. The SingTel group serves over 383 million customers in twenty-five countries (Zamil Hossan 2012). Today, the Group continues to transform the Singaporean ICT and digital media. Despite liberalization since 2000, the company has remained the leading broadband, fixed line, and mobile operator. In 2007, the Group diversified into the entertainment industry when it launched the Mio TV (Alamgir Anand 2008). SingTel group also launched high-speed fibre services that offer a unique application focusing on convergence, entertainment, and productivity enhancement for business and home users. SingTel and its affiliates have navigated challenges thus take advantage of new opportunities in the emerging markets. The company intends to review its investment opportunities in the emerging markets in Asia and strives to remain financially disciplined to evaluate new investment (Zamil Hossan 2012). SingTel faces competitive pressure within specialty market. Therefore, the paper analyses SingTels strategic management strategies based on Singaporeans environment to allow it overcome the market bat tle. Value Chain Analysis of Singtel Value chain analysis is one of the tools many managers use in identifying the key operational activities within the companys value chain. With this strategy, the managers can achieve the firms sustainable competitive advantage because performs depend on the basic activities and value chain that is better than the rival companies (Zamil Hossan 2012). SingTel has used the value chain framework to analyse the firms organizational strategic planning. SingTel seems to have identified the core drivers behind the companys growth regarding its three business segments. Its strategic priorities aim to help SingTel create an all-rounded service so as to improve its core enterprise business and consumer to enhance consumer experience (Albaum Duerr 2008). The financial ratios showed in the companys report shows SingTel has reported consistent increasing net profits. However, the revenues posted by its associates, Optus seem to be uninspiring, SingTel continues to invest in improving the mobile networks and related infrastructures to increase its market share. Compared to its competitors, SingTel has reported the highest net margin of about 21.94 percent thus justifying its profitability margins (NUS Invest 2015). SingTel has further improved its profitability through diversification across services and markets. Indeed, the firm has diversified across regional markets as about 74 percent of its revenues come from overseas businesses and associates. To this effect, the company remains unexposed to any upsets in any market. Similarly, SingTel has taken necessary steps to diversify its services, notably the recent Trustwave acquisition. The valuation of the companys business segment in Australia and Singapore would remain stable as the cash flows show its present value to be $4.19 as the warranted price. Consequently, the companys return on investment in the FY 15A improved to 12.1% compared to 11.6% the firm registered in the FY14A (SingTel 2014). Financial Analysis Based on the companys financial report, SingTels ROE has maintained consistency. However, its ROE appears to be lower than other telecoms in Singapore. The result could be due to the size of the firm as it continues to generate high REO as expected of a large company. In analysing the companys profit margin, it is evident that SingTels profit margin is higher than its competitors such as StarHub and M1 (SingTel 2014). The results make the firm favourable regarding the profitability strength. Conversely, the companys asset turnover is lower than its rival companies because of the continued acquisitions it has performed. Therefore, the goodwill from its joint ventures and acquisitions remain acceptable as its reputation and branding been helping it to pursue its business model (NUS Invest 2015). Core Competencies A Resource-Based View (RBV) The internal analysis of the firm considers the companys physical and intangible assets and related resources that are essential in determining its performance as explained by Rothaermel (2013). In a competitive environment, companies have different cultures, experience, and management policies to enhance their efficiency strategies (Al-Debei Avison 2011). It is critical for a company to formulate the best strategy to utilize its resources including intellectual rights, financial resources, and intangible resources. Zamil and Hossan (2012) argue that RBV has proposed a structured and formalized model address an organizations strengths. SingTel possesses inimitable, rare, valuable, and non-substitutable resources that form the basis of strengths. In most cases, the company has used these strengths to capitalize opportunities thus neutralizing the threats. SingTel and its subsidiaries have a strong mobile subscriber base beyond 380 million (Redwing 2014). The aggregated mobile subscriber base has made SingTel one of the largest or biggest operators in the region. Indeed, most of its peers and rivals can no longer match SingTels subscriber base. To this effect, SingTels subscriber base has formed the basis of its competitive advantage. Additionally, the company also has the potential to cross-sell and create new and unique products by making joint procurement of handsets, infrastructure, or content in the process (SingTel 2014). The company can thus defray total costs by reducing per unit costs thus form the basis of its competitive advantage thus make it possible to exploit its competitors in different markets. Similarly, the SingTel subscribers have increasingly enjoyed the use of the non-voice services such as the SMS and the Internet access. Redwing (2014) reported that the company had reported about 31 percent of its revenues from the traditional sources of voice services. Despite being the highest percentage of customers in Singapore, the company continues to trend upwards. The prospects augur well for the firm as the future traffic, and usage growth is becoming significant (Garca-Canal Snchez-Lorda 2007). Besides, the company has established strength in the raw subscriber numbers. In fact, its billing relationships with clients have become a considerable source competitive edge because it offers a convenient channel to market quickly. The intimate customer knowledge is a strategic asset the firm can utilize to improve its value chain. Finally, SingTel boasts of a strong financial base that has helped it invest in its foreign network. The Singapores operations have acted as a cash cow as they offer a consistent source of cash. With the continued growth of dividends has helped the company to mitigate the volatile contribution (SingTel 2007). Source: Rothaermel 2013: 5. Macro Environment Scan PESTLE Analysis Indonesias economy has experienced an unprecedented growth thus making it take its rightful position in the world. The country has become the best destination for FDI (foreign direct investment). The country is the third largest wireless market in the region based on the subscribers population. By 2010, the country had about 235.8 million wireless subscribers. The SIM penetration also stands at 96.6 percent compared to the 44.2 percent penetration rate of 2007. PESTLE analysis approach has provided the background to understand the business environment in this country. Political-legal Indonesia provides the best business environment because it has gone through a political transformation. As a vibrant democracy, the country has established a strong political structure. The investors and the leading conglomerates such as SingTel have developed a strong confidence in the countrys political system and stability. The country has become the investment and business destination as defined by the current political and global environment as highlighted by different parameters that define an emerging market. The government has also started embracing privatization and liberalization policies thus attracting new investors such as SingTel (Cayanan Suan 2014; Hill Jones 2014). Economics The economic system plays a necessary role because it controls the activities and operations of any organization such as SingTel. The country enjoys a large and youthful domestic market thus making the domestic consumer market the alluring attribute for SingTel and other investors. The Indonesians resilience to global financial crisis confirms the merits of the countrys immense economic and population self-reliance (GBG 2016). Since 2009, Indonesia has reported a steady growth in GDP due to a strong private consumption. With the expanding consumer credit and increasing incomes or expanding middle income population, the country is opening up the scope and scale of consumer market (SingTel 2007). SingTel has maximized the consumer boom, sustained economic growth, and relatively stable inflation to expand its market share. Indeed, the countrys demographics where fifty percent of the population are below thirty years thus making it a highly adaptive economy to new technology (Yu 2014). Social-culture Cultural factors have always affected the consumption trend in any country (Akhtar Arinto 2009). The environment entails institutions and related forces affecting the countrys basic values, behaviours, perceptions, and preferences as explained by Ferrell and Hartline (2008). Since Indonesias largest people are Muslims, the SingTel has to capture this interest by using the culture to define its marketing strategy (GBG 2016). in Indonesia, many people live in the cities thus provides the best market for SingTel. Technology Indonesia has established own transport and communication systems that have attracted investors beyond the borders (Indonesia 2015). Today, the country has different new smartphone brands. Since many Indonesians prefer cell phones and landline, SingTel would benefit by serving the targeted market share. With the internet usage growing at an unprecedented rate, SingTel will benefit by expanding into the market (SingTel 2014). The Indonesia TV networks are good for private investors. Competitive Analysis Porters Five Forces Model The competitive analysis has always helped many companies in determining their current competitive conditions through collaborative networks. With the analysis, SingTel can anticipate profit, attractiveness, and collaboration of the telecommunication industry (SingTel 2014). The model is critical in defining the level of competitiveness of any industry as determined by the five forces including bargaining power of customers, bargaining power of suppliers, competitive rivalry, and threats of new entrants and substitutes. In the optical fibre industry, it has become difficult to determine the suppliers bargaining power because of the limited access to the relative information and resources. However, other four forces are significant and inevitable in the Indonesian industry. For the customers bargaining power, the customers in the Indonesian telecom industry have shown sensitivity to the pricing strategies of the fibre products (Hussainey et al. 2011). The customers pay attention to the pricing of any new fibre networks introduced into the market. Given the strength of SingTel in the international market, the company can use penetrating pricing strategy to attract more customers. The threats of substitute products are inevitable in the industry, particularly in Indonesia. For instance, customers can turn to other internet connection services rather than the fibre products that offered by its competitors in the Indonesian market (Siagian Titus 2012). Nevertheless, for customers who demand ultra-internet speed would have no option but to stick to the SingTel fibre services (Chng 2015). The service lacks a direct substitute in the Indonesian market due to its high speed. The competitive rivalry and new entrants are forces that have become unattractive in the industry because the dominant players control a significant market share. However, there is an opportunity for the retail service providers that have proved their worth in upgrading the internet services. Currently, in the Indonesian market, different service providers are dealing in the fibre products. With the liberalization of the telecoms industry, it appears anticipated that more retailers will get att racted to the industry. The Indonesias telecoms industry remains dominated by three big operators including EX Axiata, Indosat, and Telkomsel (Chng 2015). The three big operators share eighty percent of their market share among them. Apart from the three big players, the industry also gets influenced by local handset companies and device manufacturers that have put on a brave face in fighting with the global players. Despite stiff competition in this industry, SingTel has undertaken a dual transformation to create value in executing its primary strategic priorities. Therefore, the Porters five forces strategy can help the firm to remain competitive beyond the reproach. Mergers and Acquisitions Strategy Merger and acquisition (MA) strategy has become a common practice for many conglomerates to venture into the new markers. The market entry strategy benefits consumers and businesses (Zekiri Angelova 2011). Lin (2013) argues that mergers have helped many companies to expand as the companies use their greater scale of operations to achieve cost-saving goals. Studies have indicated that many economic strategists have advised businesses to acquire other players to build up efficiency and scale (Ulrich, Boyd, Hollensen 2012) indeed, mergers and acquisitions can help an organization to engage in RD thus share the costs regarding these operations (Baker Hart 2008). Interestingly, RD activities have helped many companies to achieve innovative objectives and bring new services and products for customers. Customers have incessantly valued products and services that have achieved a critical mass user levels as evident through the social network platforms. The mergers have aided companies engaged in similar businesses to remain attractive to customers. Mergers and acquisition that appears backward or forward integrated can offer a better control of supplies, managed transaction costs, and increase market access (Zekiri Angelova 2011). Similarly, mergers have become significant for many successful enterprises such as SingTel to realize the value of their businesses. For example, SingTel opted to acquire the HungryGoWhere that is a food website ensured SingTel got rewarded for its innovation (Lin 2013). The foreign market entry mode remains to be an institutional framework to allow such an organizations human skills, products, management, and technology to enter into a new market (Christopher 2007; Johnson Tellis 2008). The market entry mode, such as merger and acquisition, is a significant method that would allow the firm to deliver a companys technology, product, financial and human resources. Thomas (2016) confirmed that SingTel bought a stake in Bharti Telecom that is the leading Thailands mobile operator. Under the share purchase agreement, SingTel would spend $2.47 billion to purchase the Thailands biggest mobile operator. The share placement and acquisitions will allow SingTel to expand across Africa and South Asia. Thomas (2016) affirmed that the acquisitions are part of its long-term strategy that exposes the firm to high-performing associates in the region. SingTel and Trustwave merger seems to focus on expansion goal as both companies want to address the issue of global digital security. SingTel wanted to acquire Trustwave Holdings at a value estimated to be $810 million (Airtel 2013; The Green Sheet, 2015). The Chicago-based information security organization will close after six months as part of the drafted agreement. The telecom conglomerate enjoys a strong customer base of about 500 million across 25 countries. The company has also used a similar strategy to expand in Thailand, Australia, and Philippines (Tungcab Lacap 2014). Given the benefits of the strategy, SingTel will achieve its competitive advantage. Conclusion Based on the strategic analysis in this paper, it is evident that SingTel remains better positioned to handle fierce competitive pressure because the company rarely depends on the local market rather extends its expectations to the regional operations. The overseas markets and affiliates have contributed sizable revenue and profits thus give it a first-mover advantage. For many investors, strong companies are based on their operations and financial strength. The data reported by SingTel shows it is an impressive investment destination. The company has further depended on its competitive advantage to increase its market revenues and share by creating value for customers, shareholders, and owners. The discussions in this paper confirm the reasons why the firm is the largest telecommunications company. The leading telecommunications operator in Singapore intends to use a breakthrough innovation to remain relevant to the market dynamics and expand into Indonesia to maximize the potential in this market. The firms international networks will benefit it by remaining competitive through the long-term strategy. 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